What does hematuria refer to?

Hematuria specifically refers to the presence of blood in the urine. This condition can be indicative of various underlying health issues, ranging from urinary tract infections to kidney stones, or more serious conditions such as tumors or glomerulonephritis. Recognizing hematuria is crucial in a clinical setting, as it guides further diagnostic evaluation and treatment.

The other options relate to different medical conditions involving blood but do not pertain to urine. For instance, blood in vomit is known as hematemesis, blood in coughing correlates with hemoptysis, and excessive bleeding may refer to a range of bleeding disorders, none of which describe hematuria. Therefore, understanding that hematuria is specifically about blood in urine is essential in the healthcare context.